周期性管柱信道的声波通信技术研究综述

井下声波通信技术利用周期性管柱信道实时传输声波数据，相比于其他通信方式，具有适应性好、复杂度低、传输效率高等优点，在随钻地质导向、油水井监测等方面有广阔的应用前景，是发展智能油田的关键技术之一。本文主要综述上世纪90年代以来关于信道物理模型、信道容量、声信号调制与接收方法等关键问题的研究历程，并对通信系统的设计要点与国内外相关产品的现场应用进行梳理，为后续的技术改进提供依据。     

LC–MS/MS analysis of puerarin and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid in human plasma after oral administration of Samso-eum and its application to pharmacokinetic study

The aim of this study was to confirm pharmacokinetic screening of multiple components in healthy Korean subjects after oral administration of Samso-eum and perform quantitation of active components in the human plasma. Thirteen potential bioactive components [puerarin (PRR), daidzin, nodakenin, ginsenoside Rb1, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GTA), 6-shogaol, naringin, glycyrrhizin, hesperidin, platycodin D, naringenin, hesperetin, and 6-gingerol] were screened based on literature. The results showed that three analytes (daidzin, naringenin, and hesperetin) were detected in trace amounts. In addition, PRR and 18β-GTA were detected in human plasma after the oral administration of Samso-eum. In this study, a liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method was validated for the simultaneous determination of PRR and 18β-GTA in human plasma. This was the first study to evaluate pharmacokinetics of PRR and 18β-GTA after the usual oral dose of Samso-eum (30 g containing 102.48 mg PRR, 48.18 mg glycyrrhizin) in human subjects.     

UPLC–ESI–Q-TOF–MS/MS analysis of anticancer fractions from Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis and Ophiocordyceps sinensis

Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis (O. xuefengensis), a new species of caterpillar fungus, has been identified as the sister taxon of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (O. sinensis). The aims of the present study are to evaluate the anticancer activity and to qualitatively analyze the potential bioactive chemical constituents of O. xuefengensis and O. sinensis, comparatively. An MTT assay was used to evaluate the in vitro anticancer activities of different fractions from O. xuefengensis and O. sinensis. The results show that ethyl acetate fractions of O. xuefengensis and O. sinensis have significant in vitro anticancer activity. These two bioactive fractions were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization with quadrupole–time of flight tandem mass spectrometry technology. A total of 82 compounds and 101 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized in the bioactive fractions of O. xuefengensis and O. sinensis, respectively. Among these compounds, 68 existed in both O. xuefengensis and O. sinensis. A total of 67 compounds were reported in O. xuefengensis and 8 compounds were reported in caterpillar fungus for the first time. This is the first detailed comparative analysis of the in vitro anticancer activity and chemical ingredients between O. xuefengensis and O. sinensis. The application of this work will provide reliable fundamental pharmacological substances for the use of O. xuefengensis by Yao people.     

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic acid glycosides in Ginkgo biloba L. leaf,G. biloba leaf extract and its injection

Ginkgo biloba L. leaf (GBL) is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants in the world. Phenolic acids with biological activities have a relatively high content in G. biloba leaf extracts (GBE); therefore they are of great significance for the quality control of GBL, GBE and its preparations. However, there have been few studies focused on their analysis. In this work, 12 phenolic acids, including 11 phenolic acid glycosides, were identified by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC–Q-TOF/MS). Then, a method combining enzymolysis with HPLC was established for quantification of phenolic acid glycosides. It was found that the aglycones of phenolic acid glycosides mainly comprised five phenolic acids: 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid and p-coumaric acid. The quantitative method was validated, and the correlation coefficient (0.9993–0.9999), recovery (≥88.4%), repeatability (≤0.8%), and inter-day precision (≤5.5%) were satisfactory. Finally, the contents of glycosides of five phenolic acids in GBL, GBE and GBE injection from different sources were determined by the developed method. The method was accurate, repeatable and practicable, which could be helpful for the quantification of phenolic acid glycosides in other products containing GBL or GBE.     

A molecular fluorophore in citric acid/ethylenediamine carbon dots identified and quantified by multinuclear solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance

The composition of fluorescent polymer nanoparticles, commonly referred to as carbon dots, synthesized by microwave-assisted reaction of citric acid and ethylenediamine was investigated by ¹³C, ¹³C{¹H}, ¹H─¹³C, ¹³C{¹⁴N}, and ¹⁵N solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. ¹³C NMR with spectral editing provided no evidence for significant condensed aromatic or diamondoid carbon phases. ¹⁵N NMR showed that the nanoparticle matrix has been polymerized by amide and some imide formation. Five small, resolved ¹³C NMR peaks, including an unusual ═CH signal at 84 ppm (¹H chemical shift of 5.8 ppm) and ═CN₂ at 155 ppm, and two distinctive ¹⁵N NMR resonances near 80 and 160 ppm proved the presence of 5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-7-carboxylic acid (IPCA) or its derivatives. This molecular fluorophore with conjugated double bonds, formed by a double cyclization reaction of citric acid and ethylenediamine as first shown by Y. Song, B. Yang, and coworkers in 2015, accounts for the fluorescence of the carbon dots. Cross-peaks in a ¹H─¹³C HETCOR spectrum with brief ¹H spin diffusion proved that IPCA is finely dispersed in the polyamide matrix. From quantitative ¹³C and ¹⁵N NMR spectra, a high concentration (18 ± 2 wt%) of IPCA in the carbon dots was determined. A pronounced gradient in ¹³C chemical-shift perturbations and peak widths, with the broadest lines near the COO group of IPCA, indicated at least partial transformation of the carboxylic acid of IPCA by amide or ester formation.     

Efficient removal of oil pollutant via simultaneous adsorption and photocatalysis using La–N–TiO2–cellulose/SiO2 difunctional aerogel composite

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Nano-TiO2 photocatalysts doped with La–N(La–N–TiO2) were prepared by solgel method. The La–N–TiO2 was loaded on the cellulose/SiO2...     

超空泡射弹水下侵彻靶板三相耦合数值模拟

超空泡射弹侵彻问题的实质是特殊水下结构受到高速冲击载荷作用下的动态响应。对12.7 mm口径超空泡射弹侵彻典型水下目标壳体的毁伤效果开展研究,基于LS-DYNA有限元分析软件建立水环境中超空泡射弹垂直侵彻曲面靶板的等效模型,探讨射弹侵彻过程中动能侵彻和气泡溃灭对靶板联合毁伤效果,获得了靶板在各阶段的应力变化和结构变形规律。结果表明:侵彻靶板前,射弹着靶速度为200 m/s时的头部表面水介质压力峰值达768 N,靶板表面有明显下凹变形;侵彻靶板时,伴随着射弹动能侵彻和气泡溃灭冲击,水介质造成的影响不足动能侵彻的2%;侵彻靶板后,在靶板正面形成峰值速度为42 m/s的水射流进一步作用于破口;靶板整体弯曲变形,在200~300 m/s范围内,随着射弹着靶速度的增加,靶板弯曲形变量减小;靶板局部发生延性穿孔,射弹在水环境中具有更好的破口效果,射弹速度变化对破口尺寸影响不大。     

传输线方程的高精度龙格−库塔数值求解方法

提出了一种求解传输线方程的高精度龙格-库塔(RK)方法。此方法在空间上采取高阶泰勒展开,提高了对空间微分的近似精度,减少了数值色散所带来的误差。与传统的时域有限差分法(FDTD)方法相比,在每波长采样数相同时,RK方法的计算精度更高。同时,根据Taylor模型,对外界平面波激励源进行离散,成功利用RK方法对外部场激励传输线进行求解,扩大了龙格-库塔方法在求解传输线方程时的应用范围。通过编程对平面波辐照下无限大地平面上的单导体与双导体的算例分别应用FDTD方法与RK方法进行了计算,验证了RK方法的正确性。结果表明同等计算条件下RK方法的计算精度更高。     

Time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations for multi-gap superconductors

We numerically solve the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations for two-gap superconductors using the finite-element technique. The real-time simulation shows that at low magnetic field, the vortices in small-size samples tend to form clusters or other disorder structures. When the sample size is large, stripes appear in the pattern. These results are in good agreement with the previous experimental observations of the intriguing anomalous vortex pattern, providing a reliable theoretical basis for the future applications of multi-gap superconductors.